BLADDER CANCER

RISK FACTORS:

SYMPTOMS:

TREATMENT:

Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and grade of the tumor:

• Surgery:
  • Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT): A minimally invasive procedure to remove the tumor through the urethra using a cystoscope without any cut in the body.

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  • Partial Cystectomy: Removal of part of the bladder, often used for localized cancer.
  • Radical Cystectomy: Removal of the entire bladder, usually for invasive cancer. This may be followed by reconstruction or creation of a new way to store and pass urine

• Chemotherapy:
  • Intravesical Chemotherapy: Directly administered into the bladder to kill cancer cells.
  • Systemic Chemotherapy: Used for more advanced cancers, administered orally or intravenously.

• Radiation Therapy: Used primarily when surgery is not an option or to target specific areas of cancer spread.
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer cells. Intravesical immunotherapy using Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a common treatment for superficial bladder cancer.

Follow-Up Care

Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment. This typically includes:

• Periodic Cystoscopy: To check for any new tumors or recurrence of cancer.
• Imaging Tests: To monitor for any spread or new growths.

For a personalized diagnosis and treatment plan, consult with a urologist